iPhone 5 vs. Samsung Galaxy S4 Comparison: 5S "Fastest Phone Ever Tested" vs. LG G2, HTC One

(Photo : REUTERS/Stephen Lam)

The iPhone 5S has one title it can boast in its battle vs. the Samsung Galaxy S4—"fastest phone ever tested."

In a recent test, researchers pitted the top smartphones from HTC, LG, Apple and Samsung against eachother to measure their processing speeds and performance. The test, which was compiled for Which? magazine, resulted in a big win for Apple's latest flagship smartphone.

Here's the top-seven finishers along with their single-core and multi-core scores:

1.) iPhone 5S: 1410 (single), 2561 (multi) 

2.) LG G2: 882 (single), 2355 (multi) 

3.) Samsung Galaxy S4: 687 (single), 1939 (multi) 

4.) HTC One: 643 (single), 1805 (multi) 

5.) iPhone 5C:  711 (single), 1281 (multi) 

6.) Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini: 649 (single), 1135 (multi) 

7.) HTC One Mini: 477 (single), 880 (multi)  

From Which?: "In June of this year we found the iPhone 5 had been eclipsed and that the Samsung Galaxy S4 had seized the number one spot for processor speed. In fact the iPhone 5 languished back in 7th place. But Apple is back. New Which? lab tests have revealed that the recently released iPhone 5S has broken all records in our processor benchmarking tests."

The benchmark tests were used with Geekbench software.

"These benchmarks are useful as they let us compare phones against one another but they aren't the be all and end all," said Which? technology researcher Jon Barrow.

"In truth most of the top phones feel fantastically smooth in everyday use. The iPhone 5s will feel a little snappier when swiping through menus and opening apps - and that fraction of a second when you launch a programme is not to be underestimated when you consider how often we use our phones.  But premium handsets, like the Samsung Galaxy S4 and HTC One, also feel lighting fast."

Galaxy S4 vs. iPhone 5 Comparison

The Samsung Galaxy S4 and the iPhone 5 battle has been one of the more memorable smartphone comparisons for smartphone users in recent years. Each device has its own fanatics and critics, and while the average smartphone user doesn't understand the complicated technolgy behind each device, they are adamant on which phone provides a better experience for them.

The iPhone 5 has been lauded for its smooth operating system right out of the box, but the Galaxy S4's advanced Android OS allows the user to personalize their experience. These are two of the most significant differences between these devices, which also shed a bit of light on the type of user that owns each smartphone.

However, one considerable factor consumers may want to consider when deciding between the smartphones is the cost it takes to build each model-which trickles down to your pockets during purchase.

Samsung's Galaxy S4 is all the rage these days, but its Apple competitor, the iPhone 5, may still have a leg up on its smartphone counterpart in at least one category: the iPhone is a cheaper model to make.

A estimate by HIS iSuppli suggests quite a difference in prices between the two mobile phones. This, of course, means Apple will have more profit and, as a result, more money available from the smartphone business for innovation, marketing, support and price competition.

According to the His iSuppli estimation, the Apple iPhone 5 with 16GB of storage costs $196 to manufacture (for the lowest-end model), including materials. The cost for the 32GB version is estimated at $217, while the 64GB version runs $238.

Samsung Galaxy S4 estimates to cost $244 for the 16GB model at the high-speed packet access version (a 4G mobile standard), with $236 going for materials and $8.50 for manufacturing. That means the S4 roughly $48 more per unit to make than the equivalent iPhone. The LTE version of the S4, with 16GB, is $3 cheaper.

"Although [the S4's] hardware is not radically different from the Galaxy S III introduced in April of 2012, the Samsung Galaxy S4 includes some critical component updates that enhance its functionality as well as its BOM cost," said Vincent Leung, senior analyst for cost benchmarking at IHS, in a statement. "Among the upgrades are a larger, full high-definition display; a beefed-up Samsung processor; and a wealth of new sensors that set a record high for the number of such devices in a smartphone design."

According to the His iSuppli estimation, the Apple iPhone 5 with 16GB of storage costs $196 to manufacture (for the lowest-end model), including materials. The cost for the 32GB version is estimated at $217, while the 64GB version runs $238.

Samsung Galaxy S4 estimates to cost $244 for the 16GB model at the high-speed packet access version (a 4G mobile standard), with $236 going for materials and $8.50 for manufacturing. That means the S4 roughly $48 more per unit to make than the equivalent iPhone. The LTE version of the S4, with 16GB, is $3 cheaper.

"Although [the S4's] hardware is not radically different from the Galaxy S III introduced in April of 2012, the Samsung Galaxy S4 includes some critical component updates that enhance its functionality as well as its BOM cost," said Vincent Leung, senior analyst for cost benchmarking at IHS, in a statement. "Among the upgrades are a larger, full high-definition display; a beefed-up Samsung processor; and a wealth of new sensors that set a record high for the number of such devices in a smartphone design."

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Why You May Want To Upgrade To The Apple iPhone 5s Or 5c If You Travel Overseas

Apple iPhone 5s smartphones at the Wangfujing flagship store on September 20, 2013 in Beijing, China. (Image credit: Getty Images via @daylife)

When the iPhone 5 was released last year, I wrote about the roaming problem among competing carriers with locked handsets and different frequency configurations for each handset model. Roaming between different iPhone 5 models among U.S. carriers on LTE was impossible because of their use of different portions of the 700 MHz spectrum. At that time the FCC had 

opened a docket to force interoperability in order to foster competition and prevent manufacturers and carriers from locking customers into specific handsets that were not capable of being “ported” over to another provider.

In that article I questioned why Apple had not combined different portions of the spectrum for U.S. carriers in a single handset so consumers could purchase one phone and change service providers, rather than being locked into a carrier with an expensive phone. I suggested that the phone could be designed to accommodate multiple frequency bands and antennas in a common package so the user could have one choice that was adaptable to different providers.

Less than a year later, not surprisingly, Apple has released its latest version of the iPhone 5: the 5S and 5C, and done just that. It has combined some frequency bands in two handsets to accommodate the three primary LTE carriers in the U.S. There are actually five different versions of the iPhone 5S/5C with varying radio configurations depending on geographic region. Where you live and which phone you purchase will determine where you can roam around the world and which carriers your specific phone will operate on in the United States.

Here is what you need to understand and what is new.

Coverage differences between the iPhone 5 and 5S/5C

When I compared the iPhone 5 (and now the 5C) with the 5S, I was only concerned with the ability to roam internationally on LTE high speed data networks and the phone’s interoperability with different U.S. carriers. Processor speed, display resolution and their latest user-authentication were not relevant.

The iPhone 5 has very limited LTE frequency bands and came in three versions: one for Verizon, one forAT&T T +0.7%, and one for Sprint. T-Mobile, the real contender in the market in overseas roaming as of last week, was not even considered for the iPhone 5 when they were first released, although I found with different APN settings a Verizon unlocked phone would work to a limited extent on T-Mobile.

With the introduction of the iPhone 5S and 5C and the rapid deployment of LTE, the world has changed significantly. Selecting the correct phone will allow customers to have portability between three of the four carriers if they initially purchase the right handsets. The new iPhone 5 models also get you far better coverage in different parts of the world. Apple also added the 1700/2100 MHz and 2100 MHz bands to their newest phones. This can be quite important in certain regions and on cruise ships. There is a significant difference between the original iPhone 5 and the latest iterations. That difference, if you travel a lot overseas, might be worth the upgrade.

LTE: The 4G global standard

LTE, which stands for Long Term Evolution, is the standard that is being adopted by a majority of carriers around the world for high speed cellular data services. It is now available in more than 97 countries and venues in North and South America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania. While scores of carriers have adopted and implemented these systems, the frequency bands differ among regions. For that reason Apple introduced the different versions of their new phones.

While there are five different variants of the new phones for the global market, the good news is that in the United States two of the models are capable of being used with multiple carriers rather than being locked into one provider for each model. If you purchase a phone from Verizon you can cover three of the four carriers (AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon). If you buy a phone and have it unlocked from T-Mobile or AT&T it will work between those two carriers, but not Verizon. Note that if you purchase phones from the Apple store directly they are all locked with the exception of the generic GSM-AT&T version.

The five different iPhone cellular radio configurations for the iPhone 5S/5C

The Apple web site lists five different versions of the 5S/5C phones together with their technical specifications but fails to identify directly which versions are for which markets. All of the models are LTE capable, but that does not mean they are system-interoperable between geographies or carriers. In the United States the four major carriers have implemented LTE to varying degrees. Each company uses different portions of the 700 MHz spectrum and other frequencies, so Apple had to create a series of phones to work on the different combination of systems and channels.

Here is the breakdown of the different models of iPhone 5S and 5C:

• A1533 GSM (AT&T and T-MOBILE): The GSM version will work on AT&T and T-Mobile. It is distinguished from the Verizon phone in that it does not contain a CDMA radio, which Verizon (and Sprint) have adopted for their voice transmission protocol. The Model A1533 GSM, which is advertised as the AT&T version, will not work for voice calls on Verizon for technical reasons, nor will Verizon let you register the AT&T/T-Mobile phone on its network because it does not have CDMA capabilities. If you purchase one of these phones for use on T-Mobile, the carrier will unlock it after you have been a customer for 40 days. AT&T will also unlock their phones.
• A1533 CDMA (VERIZON): The Verizon phone is technically the same hardware as the GSM AT&T/T-Mobile version (which is why it has the same model number) except that it does have a CDMA radio. If you compare all of the frequency bands between these two A1533 sub-models they are identical (other than CDMA). What is important for the consumer is that ALL Verizon 4G phones are now sold unlocked. This means that if you subscribe to Verizon and buy one of its phones you can move it to the other two dominant carriers and have the same functionality, so long as you update the APN information unique to each carrier, in “Settings.”
• As for Sprint, it will not allow registration on its network for other than the unique Sprint model handset. Theoretically, its phone will work on the other carriers if the cellular providers will allow you to register it, but presently they will not.
• A1453 CDMA (SPRINT): The Sprint phone is locked so it will not work with any other cellular provider, unless Sprint changes its policy about unlocking. According to the specifications the only difference between this model and the A1533 (Verizon) are the two extra frequency bands specific to Sprint.
• A1457 GSM UK and EUROPE: This version is designed for the European market and definitely will not function on LTE in North America. It should work properly on AT&T and T-Mobile 4G networks, but not on Sprint and Verizon (because it does not have CDMA capabilities).
• A1530 ASIA AND OCEANIA: This phone is specifically designed for Japan, Asia, and the Pacific Rim countries like Australia and New Zealand. It should work in Europe, and on AT&T and T-Mobile in the United States.

Roaming in different parts of the world

Both the iPhone 5C and 5S have equal roaming capabilities on 3G, 4G, and LTE systems. This was not true with the original iPhone 5, which is one reason that you may want to update your phone if you travel a lot and want ultra-fast data. The ability to roam on different data networks depends on a number of factors including frequency bands for a specific carrier and roaming agreements. LTE roaming may not be available but slower speeds might be offered. In some countries, LTE may be called 4G-LTE or 4G.

If you have an unlocked iPhone 5, 5C, or 5S then LTE roaming may be supported outside its designated country if you use a valid SIM card that is recognized by that carrier. You can identify the capabilities of your iPhone 5C, iPhone 5S or iPhone 5 by model number on the Apple web site.

To determine coverage for a geographic region, here is a link that provides the latest LTE implementation worldwide.

If you purchase a phone from Verizon, AT&T or T-Mobile and wish to change your service provider you will need to update your APN settings because they are carrier- specific for data services. While all GSM-capable phones will work for voice service on any carrier without changes to system settings, this is not the case for data. A list of all carrier APN settings is available.  Apple also supports changes to these settings through iTunes.

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Oreos as Addictive as Cocaine: A Study

Oreos are as addictive as cocaine, a study of rats suggests. (Photo : Wikimedia Commons)

Oreos are as addictive as cocaine, a study of rats suggests.

In order to test the cookie's addictiveness, researchers from Connecticut College gave hungry rats in a maze either Oreos or rice cakes, depending on which side of the labyrinth they were on. The rats then had the option of spending time on either side of the maze.

The scientists compared the results to those from rats that received an injection of cocaine or morphine on one side of a maze and saline on the other.

In the end, the cookie-fed rats spent as much time on the Oreo side of the maze as the rats hoping for a shot of cocaine or morphine spent on their corresponding side of the maze.

Furthermore, by measuring the expression of a protein called c-Fos, which marks neuronal activation, in the nucleus accumbens -- the brain's "pleasure center," the researchers found that Oreos activated significantly more neurons than cocaine or morphine.

"Our research supports the theory that high-fat/ high-sugar foods stimulate the brain in the same way that drugs do," Joseph Schroeder, a neuroscience professor, said in a statement. "It may explain why some people can't resist these foods despite the fact that they know they are bad for them."

Based on the results, co-author Jamie Hanohan argues that products like Oreos may pose a greater threat to the general public than the addictive drugs.

"Even though we associate significant health hazards in taking drugs like cocaine and morphine, high-fat/ high-sugar foods may present even more of a danger because of their accessibility and affordability," she said.

And while not necessarily scientifically relevant, the researchers pointed out that rats preferred to consume Oreos much like many humans.

"They would break it open and eat the middle first," she said.

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Brain may flush toxins out during sleep

ROCHESTER, N.Y., Oct. 17 (UPI) -- U.S. scientists suggest sleep clears the brain of damaging molecules associated with neurodegeneration -- the loss of brain function as in Alzheimer's disease.

Dr. Maiken Nedergaard, co-director of the Center for Translational Neuromedicine at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, and colleagues said they unexpectedly found sleep might be the period when the brain cleanses itself of toxic molecules.

The study, published in Science, found a plumbing system called the glymphatic system might open and let fluid flow rapidly through the brain during sleep.

Nedergaard's lab recently discovered the glymphatic system helps control the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, a clear liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Initially dye was injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of mice and he researchers watched it flow through their brains while simultaneously monitoring electrical brain activity.

The dye flowed rapidly when the mice were unconscious, either asleep or anesthetized, but barely flowed when the same mice were awake, Nedergaard said.

"We were surprised by how little flow there was into the brain when the mice were awake," Nedergaard said in a statement. "It suggested that the space between brain cells changed greatly between conscious and unconscious states."

To test this, the researchers inserted electrodes into the brain to directly measure the space between brain cells and found the space inside the brains increased by 60 percent when the mice were asleep or anesthetized.

Previous research suggested toxic molecules involved in neurodegenerative disorders accumulate in the space between brain cells. In this study, the researchers tested whether the glymphatic system controlled this by injecting mice with beta-amyloid, a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease. They measured how long it lasted in their brains when they were asleep or awake.

Beta-amyloid disappeared faster in mice brains when the mice were asleep, suggesting sleep normally clears toxic molecules from the brain, Nedergaard said.

The results may also highlight the importance of sleep.

"We need sleep," Nedergaard said. "It cleans up the brain."

Read more: http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2013/10/17/Brain-may-flush-toxins-out-during-sleep/UPI-20861382065779/#ixzz2i2klRHLv

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Google Tops Estimates, but Prices of Ads Slide

Outside of Google's headquarters in Mountain View, Calif. Google is still the leader in online advertising, according to eMarketer, yet the advertising business is changing under its feet.

SAN FRANCISCO — For more than a decade, Google’s search advertising business has seemed almost magical in its ability to mint money. But the magic is beginning to wear off as people spend more time on mobile devices, where the company makes less money on ads.

Shareholders sent the stock up 8 percent in after-hours trading on Thursday, after Google’s better-than-expected third-quarter financial report. Still, the results revealed the company’s deep challenges: as its desktop search and advertising businesses mature, along with overall business in the United States, its growth rate is slowing and the amount of money it makes from each ad it sells is falling.

The problem is that mobile ads cost half to two-thirds as much as desktop ads, yet they lead to purchases just a quarter to a third of the frequency that desktop ads do. That’s because advertisers have not yet figured out the best format for mobile ads, tracking the effectiveness of such ads is harder and buying things on small screens is more cumbersome for consumers.

Google executives, on a call with analysts, acknowledged those challenges by emphasizing that they were embracing phones and other mobile devices, as well as nonadvertising businesses like hardware and business services.

“For years, everyone talked about the multiscreen world. Now it’s arrived, and on a scale few imagined,” said Larry Page, Google’s chief executive. Most consumers have more than one device, he said, and devices for people’s homes and bodies, like glasses and watches, will proliferate. The mention of watches was particularly intriguing because while Google has explored building a watch, it has not publicly announced one.

People activate 1.5 million Android devices a day and Google introduced its first Motorola phone, the Moto X. It has been encouraging advertisers to transition to mobile, like requiring them to buy mobile ads when they buy desktop ones, known as enhanced campaigns, and introducing new tools like one to track consumers across devices and tell marketers whether a consumer makes a purchase on a computer after researching an item on a phone.

Mr. Page also addressed long-term research projects, like Calico, the new health start-up financed by Google to investigate aging and its causes. “It’s hard to spend meaningful amounts of money, relative to Google’s scale, on things that are speculative,” Mr. Page said. “You should probably be asking me to make more significant investments.”

A closer look at Google’s revenue growth showed that it was largely driven by growth in some parts of Europe, Brazil and Japan, and by selling apps on Google Play, which returns little profit to the company.

“Over all, Google’s doing exactly what it should be doing, investing in emerging markets and in mobile technologies,” said Jordan Rohan, an Internet analyst at Stifel Nicolaus. “While we’re not seeing any profits related to that today, it’s inflating the revenue number and will someday lead to a more profitable business.”

Yet in Google’s core business — the sale of ads — the price that advertisers pay each time someone clicks on an ad decreased for the eighth quarter in a row. It fell 8 percent from the same period last year, largely because mobile ads cost less than desktop ones.

Google is still the leader in online advertising, earning 41 percent of all digital ad revenue and 53 percent of mobile ad revenue, according to eMarketer. Yet the advertising business is changing under its feet.

People are spending vastly more time on mobile devices. Clicks on Google on computers last quarter were flat, while clicks on tablets increased 63 percent and clicks on phones more than doubled, according to the Search Agency, a digital marketing firm. At the same time, computer ads are becoming more personalized and increasingly automated.

As the ad landscape changes, Google has been introducing new tools for advertisers. Last week, it announced a change that would allow it to show people’s social networking activity, like photos and comments, in ads across the Web. It is trying to capture TV ad dollars, including with two new products — Chromecast, a device for watching Web video on TVs, and Google Fiber, the ultra-high-speed Internet and TV connection now available in Kansas City, Kan.

Google’s ad innovations have prompted criticism from privacy advocates and some consumers. In recent weeks, Google faced an uproar over its plan to use personal information in ads and lawsuits over personalized ads in Gmail.

Google reported third-quarter revenue of $14.89 billion, up 12 percent from a year ago. Net revenue, which excludes payments to ad partners, was $11.92 billion, up from $11.33 billion. Net income rose to $2.97 billion, or $8.75 a share, from $2.18 billion, or $6.53 a share. Excluding the cost of stock options, Google’s third-quarter profit was $10.74 a share.

The results exceeded the expectations of analysts, who had predicted revenue of $14.82 billion and earnings, excluding the cost of stock options, of $10.35 a share.

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